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Bibliographical entry (without author) : | Réveil peropératoire et mémorisation au décours d’une césarienne sous anesthésie générale. Douleur analg. 2016. 29:78–83 |
Author(s) : | F. Vial, P. Guerci, P.Y. Dewandre et D. Benhamou |
Year of publication : | 2016 |
URL(s) : | https://dea.revuesonline.com/articles/lvdea/abs/20… |
Résumé (français) : | La césarienne sous anesthésie générale est une intervention plus à risque de réveil peropératoire avec mémorisation que d’autres interventions (0,1 à 0,2 %). Le 5e Audit National Britannique a identifié plusieurs facteurs de risque de réveil peropératoire au décours d’une césarienne. Les modifications physiologiques de la grossesse (augmentation du débit cardiaque majorant la distribution des agents anesthésiques et diminuant leurs concentrations plasmatiques), l’absence et/ou la diminution des agents anesthésiques afin de diminuer leur répercussion sur le tonus utérin et l’enfant, le court délai séparant l’induction de l’incision chirurgicale, la curarisation, des difficultés d’abord des voies aériennes, l’obésité, les césariennes en urgence nocturne sont les principaux risques mis en évidence. La période séparant l’induction de l’incision chirurgicale est la plus à risque. Le risque d’un réveil peropératoire est d’entraîner des séquelles psychologiques sévères incluant stress post-traumatique, anxiété, cauchemars, dépression, peur de l’hôpital. Évaluer la profondeur d’anesthésie est un challenge pour les anesthésistes car les signes cliniques ne sont pas fiables, et l’action des agents d’induction est variable en fonction de leur redistribution. Après l’induction, les halogénés doivent être maintenus à des concentrations cibles supérieures à 0,7 fois la concentration minimale alvéolaire, afin d’obtenir des valeurs d’index bispectral inférieures à 60. Le monitorage de l’activité cérébrale lors des césariennes sous anesthésie générale ne garantit pas l’absence de mémorisation d’autant plus que des niveaux d’index bispectral très bas semblent nécessaires dans cette population. |
Abstract (English) : | Awareness with recall in association with general anaesthesia for caesarean section occurs more frequently than in other operations (0.1–0.2%). The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland identified many risk factors for awareness. These included: physiological changes during pregnancy such as higher cardiac output resulting in a wider distribution of drugs and thus lower blood levels of induction agents and volatile anaesthetics, omission of, or decrease in the dose of some drugs to minimize their effects on uterine tone and to avoid fetal exposure, a brief period between anaesthetic induction and start of surgery with little time for reinforcement of the intravenous in duction dose with a volatile agent, use of neuromuscular blocking drugs, difficult airway management, obesity and a high incidence of urgent/immediate surgery often performed out of hours, resulting in higher rates of non-consultant care. The period from the start of induction of anaesthesia to the start of the surgical intervention, including induction of anaesthesia, is the time when awareness most commonly occurred. Such awareness with recall may cause severe postoperative psychological sequelae, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, neurosis, nightmares, fear of hospitals. Assessing depth of anesthesia remains a challenge for the anesthesia provider as clinical signs are unreliable, induction drugs vary in their ability to produce amnesia and the period of hypnotic effect is affected by the rate at which they are redistributed. After initiation of anesthesia, volatile anesthetics should be administered to a target of 0.7 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration, which has been shown to consistently achieve mean Bispectral Index scores 60. Routine brain function monitoring of patients undergoing caesarean section under general anaesthesia does not guarantee unconsciousness as lower Bispectral Index goal of scores seems to be necessary in this population. |
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Keywords : | ➡ c-section/caesarean ; psychology ; traumatism ; post-traumatic stress |
Author of this record : | Alison Passieux — 07 Mar 2018 |
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