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Bibliographical entry (without author) : | The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychological Medicine, 46(6), 1121-1134. |
Author(s) : | Ayers, S., Bond, R., Bertullies, S., & Wijma, K. |
Year of publication : | 2016 |
URL(s) : | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychologi… |
Résumé (français) : | Il existe des preuves que 3,17% des femmes rapportent un état de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) après l’accouchement. Cette méta-analyse synthétise la recherche sur la vulnérabilité et les facteurs de risque du SSPT lié à la naissance et affine un modèle diathèse-stress de son étiologie. Des recherches systématiques ont été effectuées sur PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus et Web of Science en utilisant des termes de SSPT croisés avec des termes d’accouchement. Des études ont été incluses si elles faisaient état d’une recherche primaire portant sur les facteurs associés au TSPT lié à la naissance, mesuré au moins un mois après la naissance. En tout, 50 études (n = 21 429) provenant de 15 pays remplissaient les critères d’inclusion. Les facteurs de vulnérabilité avant la naissance les plus fortement associés au TSPT étaient la dépression pendant la grossesse (r = 0,51), la peur de l’accouchement (r = 0,41), une mauvaise santé ou des complications pendant la grossesse (r = 0,38) et des antécédents de TSPT (r = 0,39 ) et des conseils pour la grossesse ou l’accouchement (r = 0,32). Les facteurs de risque à la naissance les plus fortement associés au SSPT étaient des expériences de naissance subjectives négatives (r = 0,59), une naissance opératoire (vaginale ou césarienne assistée, r = 0,48), un manque de soutien (r = -0,38) et une dissociation (r = 0,32 ). Après la naissance, le syndrome de stress post-traumatique était associé à une mauvaise adaptation et au stress (r = 0,30) et était fortement comorbide avec la dépression (r = 0,60). Les analyses du modérateur ont montré que l’effet d’une mauvaise santé ou de complications pendant la grossesse était plus apparent dans les échantillons à risque élevé. Les résultats de cette méta-analyse sont utilisés pour mettre à jour un modèle diathèse-stress de l’étiologie du SSPT post-partum et peuvent être utilisés pour guider le dépistage, la prévention et l’intervention dans les soins de maternité. |
Abstract (English) : | There is evidence that 3.17% of women report post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth. This meta-analysis synthesizes research on vulnerability and risk factors for birth-related PTSD and refines a diathesis–stress model of its aetiology. Systematic searches were carried out on PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using PTSD terms crossed with childbirth terms. Studies were included if they reported primary research that examined factors associated with birth-related PTSD measured at least 1 month after birth. In all, 50 studies (n = 21 429) from 15 countries fulfilled inclusion criteria. Pre-birth vulnerability factors most strongly associated with PTSD were depression in pregnancy (r = 0.51), fear of childbirth (r = 0.41), poor health or complications in pregnancy (r = 0.38), and a history of PTSD (r = 0.39) and counselling for pregnancy or birth (r = 0.32). Risk factors in birth most strongly associated with PTSD were negative subjective birth experiences (r = 0.59), having an operative birth (assisted vaginal or caesarean, r = 0.48), lack of support (r = −0.38) and dissociation (r = 0.32). After birth, PTSD was associated with poor coping and stress (r = 0.30), and was highly co-morbid with depression (r = 0.60). Moderator analyses showed that the effect of poor health or complications in pregnancy was more apparent in high-risk samples. The results of this meta-analysis are used to update a diathesis–stress model of the aetiology of postpartum PTSD and can be used to inform screening, prevention and intervention in maternity care. |
Sumário (português) : | Há evidências de que 3,17% das mulheres relatam transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) após o parto. Esta meta-análise sintetiza pesquisas sobre vulnerabilidade e fatores de risco para o TEPT relacionado ao parto e refina um modelo de diátese-estresse de sua etiologia. Pesquisas sistemáticas foram realizadas em PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science usando termos de TEPT cruzados com termos de parto. Os estudos foram incluídos se eles relataram pesquisa primária que examinou fatores associados ao TEPT relacionado ao parto, medido pelo menos 1 mês após o nascimento. Ao todo, 50 estudos (n = 21.429) de 15 países preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os fatores de vulnerabilidade antes do nascimento mais fortemente associados ao TEPT foram depressão na gravidez (r = 0,51), medo do parto (r = 0,41), problemas de saúde ou complicações na gravidez (r = 0,38) e história de TEPT (r = 0,39). ) e aconselhamento para gravidez ou parto (r = 0,32). Fatores de risco no nascimento mais fortemente associados ao TEPT foram experiências subjetivas negativas (r = 0,59), parto operatório (cesariana ou vaginal assistida, r = 0,48), falta de apoio (r = -0,38) e dissociação (r = 0,32) ). Após o nascimento, o TEPT foi associado com coping e estresse pobres (r = 0,30), e foi altamente co-mórbido com depressão (r = 0,60). Análises de moderadores mostraram que o efeito de problemas de saúde ou complicações na gravidez foi mais aparente em amostras de alto risco. Os resultados dessa metanálise são usados para atualizar um modelo de diátese-estresse da etiologia do TEPT no pós-parto e podem ser usados para informar a triagem, a prevenção e a intervenção na assistência à maternidade. |
Resumen (español) : |
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Comments : | The diathesis–stress model is a psychological theory that attempts to explain a disorder as the result of an interaction between a predispositional vulnerability and a stress caused by life experiences. This study reports a systematic review of associations with PTSD post-partum to alert practitioners of predisposing states as well as triggers in the social and medical environment. |
Argument (français) : | Les résultats de cette méta-analyse sont utilisés pour mettre à jour un modèle diathèse-stress de l’étiologie du SSPT post-partum et peuvent être utilisés pour guider le dépistage, la prévention et l’intervention dans les soins de maternité. |
Argument (English): | The results of this meta-analysis are used to update a diathesis–stress model of the aetiology of postpartum PTSD and can be used to inform screening, prevention and intervention in maternity care. |
Argumento (português): | Os resultados dessa metanálise são usados para atualizar um modelo de diátese-estresse da etiologia do TEPT no pós-parto e podem ser usados para informar a triagem, a prevenção e a intervenção na assistência à maternidade. |
Argumento (español): |
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Keywords : | ➡ evidence-based medicine/midwifery ; obstetric and gynecologic violence obstetric violence, obstetrical violence ; psychology ; public health ; traumatism ; post-traumatic stress ; guidelines ; prevention ; deontology ; informed consent |
Author of this record : | Veronica Graham — 05 Apr 2018 |
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