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Créée le : 07 Mar 2018
Modifiée le : 07 Mar 2018

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Notice bibliographique (sans auteurs) :

Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anal incontinence following vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2015. n. 60

Auteur·e(s) :

LaCross A, Groff M, Smaldone A.

Année de publication :

2015

URL(s) :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712278
https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12283.

Résumé (français)  :

revue d’étude visant à identifier les preuves entre les lésions du sphincter anal post-obstétricales et l’incontinence anale chez les multipares.
les épisiotomies et les lésions du 3e et 4e degré sont fortement corrélées avec l’incontinence anale après un accouchement par voie basse. Les preuves apportées par cette revue d’étude et méta analyse, mettent en lumière l’importance dans la réduction des traumatismes périnéaux lors de l’accouchement.

Abstract (English)  :

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence for the relationship between obstetric anal sphincter injury (ie, episiotomy and third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerations) and anal incontinence in parous women.

METHODS:
PubMed, Ovid (MEDLINE), Cochrane Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched. Studies eligible for review assessed the relationship between episiotomy and/or third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration and anal incontinence. Two reviewers independently searched for studies for review and used the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Quality of individual studies was appraised using the Downs and Black criteria. Pooled effect sizes were estimated for the relationships between episiotomy and third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration with anal incontinence using random effects meta-analysis models. Heterogeneity of each model was assessed using Cochran Q and I(2) statistics.

RESULTS:
Of 578 articles, 19 studies (7 prospective cohort studies, 6 retrospective studies, one case-control study, and 5 population-based cross-sectional studies) met inclusion/exclusion criteria for the systematic review. Of the 19 studies, 3 examined episiotomy, 7 examined third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, and 9 studies examined both risk factors for anal incontinence. Eight studies (N = 2929 women) examining the relationship between episiotomy and anal incontinence and 12 studies (N = 2288 women) examining the relationship between third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration and anal incontinence met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) demonstrated a significant association between perineal trauma (episiotomy [OR, 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-2.38; Q = 8.9; P < .26; I(2) = 21.4] and third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.77-3.98; Q = 27.9; P = .002; I2 = 64.1) and anal incontinence.

DISCUSSION:
Both episiotomy and third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration are significantly associated with anal incontinence after vaginal birth. The evidence provided in this systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the importance of reducing perineal trauma during vaginal births in order to ameliorate anal incontinence in parous women.

Sumário (português)  :

Resumen (español)  :

Remarques :

Argument (français) :

forte corrélation entre les épisiotomies et les lésions du 3e et 4e degré avec l’incontinence anale post-partum

Argument (English):

Argumento (português):

Argumento (español):

Mots-clés :

➡ déchirures ; incontinence/prolapsus ; épisiotomie

Auteur·e de cette fiche :

Alison Passieux — 07 Mar 2018